The Evolution of Niskama Karma in Indian Ethical Traditions: From Vedic Texts to the Bhagavad Gita
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrjss.2024.v04.n01.007Keywords:
Niskama Karma, Indian Ethics, Vedic Tradition, Bhagavad Gita, Detachment, Selfless ActionAbstract
This dissertation rigorously analyzes the progression of Niskama Karma (selfless action) as a fundamental ethical principle in Indian philosophical traditions, following its transformation from the ritualistic context of Vedic literature to its refined expression in the Bhagavad Gita. In the Vedic environment, activity was grounded in sacrificial rites (yajñas), driven by cosmic harmony (ṛta) and material benefits. This evolved into an introspective ethical ideal in the Upanishads, prioritizing intentionality and spiritual detachment over external rituals. The Bhagavad Gita synthesizes prior concepts, articulating Niskama Karma as a universal tenet of selfless obligation that reconciles worldly involvement with spiritual emancipation. The research underscores the philosophical and psychological aspects of this idea, its focus on detachment from results, and its persistent significance in modern ethical discussions. This paper conducts a critical examination of primary texts and comments to examine how Niskama Karma reconciles individual desires with community well-being, offering a timeless framework for moral action in personal and societal contexts.
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