Research Review Journal of Social Science
type: channel
description: हिंदी में पढ़ें | ગુજરાતી માટે ક્લિક કરો UGC Guidelines on Peer-Reviewed Journals The Research Review Journal of Social Science (RRJSS) is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access scholarly journal dedicated to the advancement of research in the fields of Social Sciences and Humanities. Established in the year 2021, the journal provides a credible and inclusive platform for academicians, researchers, and scholars from India and across the globe to publish high-quality and original research work. RRJSS publishes research articles, review articles, and short communications that contribute to theoretical, empirical, and interdisciplinary perspectives. The journal follows a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure academic integrity, originality, and adherence to ethical publishing standards, while also offering timely and efficient publication. To promote global knowledge exchange and wider dissemination of research, RRJSS accepts manuscripts in English, Hindi, and Gujarati, making scholarly work accessible to diverse academic communities. As an open-access journal, RRJSS ensures unrestricted worldwide access to all published content. The journal welcomes submissions from international authors, universities, research institutions, and academic organizations, encouraging cross-cultural research, comparative studies, and global academic collaboration. Journal Information Title: Research Review Journal of Social Science (RRJSS) Year of Start: 2021 Frequency of Publication: Bi-Annual (Two Issues per Year) ISSN (Online): 2583-2867 Peer Review Process: Double-Blind Peer Review Subject Areas: Social Sciences and Humanities Languages: English, Hindi, Gujarati Indexing: Google Scholar Accessibility: Open Access Plagiarism Detection: Turnitin (Licensed) Publication Format: Online Contact Details Contact No.: +91 93284 90029 Email: editor@rrjournals.co.in Website: https://rrjournals.co.in/ Address: 15/B, Kalyan Nagar Society, Fire Brigade Road, Outside…
publisher: RESEARCH REVIEW PUBLICATION Registration No. UDYAM-GJ-14-0031580
language: en
publication name: Research Review Journal of Social Science
issn: 2583-2867
items: Organisational Culture and Job Satisfaction in the Jewellery Retail Industry: Empirical Evidence from Kerala
items: The Discourse of Gender Conflict: Feminism and Legal Violence against Men in India
items: Empowering Voices: Women in Politics in Jammu and Kashmir
items: Landslide Dynamics and Probing their Interplay with Geophysical Factors Using GIS and Remote Sensing
items: The Vedāntic Influence on Śaṅkaradeva’s Religious and Literary Vision
items: Impact of Jawai Dam Water Management on the Water Crisis in Western Rajasthan
items: Cheap Labour, Costly Outcomes: A Review on the Risks Associated with Induction of Informal Healthcare Providers in Private Healthcare Facilities Across Rural and Suburban West Bengal, India
items: Reassessing the Historiography of Jharkhand (1200–1750 CE) Based on Archaeological Remains
items: Developed India @2047: Envisioning a Strong and Prosperous India through Environmental Consciousness
items: Postcolonial Perspectives in Indian English Literature: An Overview
items: Human Dignity under Totalitarian Control: A Humanistic Reading of Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451
items: Impact of Environmental Change on the Santhal Community in Dumka District and Government Initiatives
items: Socio-Cultural Aspects and Their Impact on Partition Novels with Special Reference to Bapsi Sidhwa
items: Gender and Sex: A Sociological Mapping
items: Healthcare, Citizenship and Social Inclusion - A Sociological Analysis of Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY)
items: Indianness and the quest for identity in V. S. Naipaul's A House for Mr Biswas
items: Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries, Capital Deepening and Labor Productivity in India: Evidence from an Endogenous Growth Framework
items: Impact of Organizational Climate on Leadership Effectiveness and Job Satisfaction Among Secondary School Principals
items: Urban Family, Sanitation, and Public Health: A Sociological Review of Contemporary India
items: Sustainable Development with Special Study of Himachal Pradesh
items: Coming-of-Age Narratives in North-East Indian Women’s English Fiction: A Review of Literature on Female Bildungsroman and Gendered Identity
items: Forging Unity through Education: Vallabhbhai Patel’s views on the role of education in the unity of India
items: Strategic Autonomy of India’s Foreign Policy: Contemporary Problems and Challenges
items: Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria among Older Adults in India: An Analysis of Socio-demographic and Household Variables using LASI, Wave-1, 2017-18
items: Transgender Discourse and Human Rights in Hindi Novels Centered on the Transgender Community
items: PRI and SHG Convergence: A Conceptual Analysis of Grassroots Governance and Economic Empowerment in Rural India
items: The Role of Feminised Grassroots Governance in COVID-19 Mitigation: A Study of Odisha’s SHG–PRI Institutional Convergence
items: School Dropout and Child Labour: A Study of Ragpicking Children in Malisahi, Bhubaneswar
items: The Pivotal Role of the Probation Officer in the Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Children in Conflict with Law in India: The Reformative Mandate
items: Women, Kinship and Power: A Comparative Study of Garo Matrilineal and Zeme Naga Patrilineal Systems in Northeast India

Organisational Culture and Job Satisfaction in the Jewellery Retail Industry: Empirical Evidence from Kerala
type: item
description: This study examines the levels of organisational culture and job satisfaction among employees and investigates whether significant differences exist based on gender and position within the organisation. A descriptive and analytical research design was adopted, and primary data were collected from 281 employees using a structured questionnaire. Organisational culture was assessed through five dimensions, viz. communication culture, teamwork culture, leadership support, work environment, and reward and recognition culture, while job satisfaction was measured assessed by analysing work, salary and benefits satisfaction, supervision satisfaction, and career growth satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used to analyse employees’ perceptions, while Independent Sample t-test and One-Way ANOVA were employed to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that employees perceive both organisational culture and job satisfaction at high levels. Communication culture emerged as the strongest dimension of organisational culture, whereas work satisfaction recorded the highest score among the job satisfaction dimensions. The study further found a significant difference in organisational culture perception based on gender, with female employees having more favourable perceptions than male employees. However, no significant differences were observed in organisational culture based on position or in job satisfaction based on either gender or position. The study concludes that the organisation maintains a positive work environment characterised by effective communication, supportive leadership, fair recognition practices, and high employee satisfaction, contributing to overall organisational effectiveness.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organisational Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Job Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Communication Culture
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership Support
  topic: keywords
subject: Work Satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender Differences
  topic: keywords
subject: Employee Position
  topic: keywords
creator: C Jagadeesh
creator: P Sreeja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 173
ending page: 184
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.020

The Discourse of Gender Conflict: Feminism and Legal Violence against Men in India
type: item
description: The paper is review of literature and written using teleological framework on the feminist narrative of conflict between men and women and consequential criminalisation of men in the eyes of Law. The study tried to examine the role of power and its discourse which is covered under four stages; first, the Enlightenment phase asserted the equality of men and women. The second phase has started by romanticising the autonomy of womanhood. The third phase emphasises the exercise adventure. The fourth section addresses the resultant criminalisation of men only based on their sex. The conflict is first recognised within orthodox society in the first phase, then expanding to include the family in the second phase, and ultimately concentrating conflict in the individual in the third phase. The first phase vilified orthodox society, the subsequent phase aimed at patriarchal males inside families, and the last phase concentrated on conflict of soul with body. The fourth phase likewise pertains to the criminalisation of men. Thus, initial radical universalism precipitated the ascent of unrestrained second-phase romanticism, followed by the entrance of extreme third-phase adventurism. The misuse of passion and adventure culminated in the manipulation of the legal system against men, finally resulting in its criminalisation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teleology
  topic: keywords
subject: Feminism
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Patriarchy
  topic: keywords
subject: Legal Violence
  topic: keywords
subject: Men
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinesh Kumar Ahirwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 159
ending page: 172
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.019

Empowering Voices: Women in Politics in Jammu and Kashmir
type: item
description: Empowering women in politics is not just about equality, it's about enriching governance with diverse perspectives, priorities, and solutions. By breaking barriers and fostering inclusive environments, we pave the way for a more representative and effective democracy. This paper explores the evolving role of women in the political sphere of Jammu and Kashmir. It examines historical contexts, socio-cultural barriers, and systemic obstacles to women's political participation. The study highlights initiatives and movements that have increased women's representation and impact, while also documenting the challenges they face. The research underscores the importance of fostering an inclusive political environment to amplify women's voices and advocates for sustained efforts and policies to support women's political empowerment in the region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: women
  topic: keywords
subject: Politics
  topic: keywords
subject: empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Jammu and Kashmir
  topic: keywords
creator: Salma Khan
creator: Mubashir Ahmad Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 151
ending page: 158
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.018

Landslide Dynamics and Probing their Interplay with Geophysical Factors Using GIS and Remote Sensing
type: item
description: The global database on natural and technological disasters occurring between 1990 and 2015, landslides accountfor 4.3 per cent of total disaster events out of which 54 per cent occurred in Asia. Asia, with 75 percent of the total landslide events between 2004 and 2016 is one of the major hot spots. According to NDMA, In India, 15 per cent of land territory is affected by landslides. The tectonically active Himalayan region exhibits the highest frequency of landslides. In this context, a landslide inventory provides precise information on the actual location of events and provides a basis to examine the influence of underlying factors on landslide to relate surface and subsurface properties of the terrain that determine slope material's strength and stability/instability of hillslopes to various failure mechanisms. To evaluate terrain characteristics the data sets derived from DEM, PlanetScope satellite images, topographical maps, soil map and daily rainfall data from IMD for the period (2000-2019). These parameters were analysed in the GIS environment to prepare output maps depicting their profound relevance in studying landslides. About 30 per cent of landslides are in the vicinity of agricultural and built-up areas and 18 per cent occurred in open/barren land.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geophysical
  topic: keywords
subject: Landslides
  topic: keywords
subject: PlanetScope
  topic: keywords
subject: Himachal Pradesh
  topic: keywords
creator: Adarsh Sharma
creator: Vishwa B. S. Chandel
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 74
ending page: 100
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2024.v04.n01.012

The Vedāntic Influence on Śaṅkaradeva’s Religious and Literary Vision
type: item
description: Śrīmanta Śaṅkaradeva was the founder of Neo-Vaishnavism. His contribution to Assamese literature and culture is unparalleled. He was simultaneously a poet, religious preacher, a social reformer, playwright, actor, musician and a supreme guru. He deeply believed in monism. His theory of reality is known as Ekaswarvāda, meaning there is only one God. The influence of Vedānta philosophy is clearly visible in Śaṅkaradeva’s religious thoughts and writings. While Śaṅkarāchāry in his Advaita Vedānta accepted Brahman as the sole truth, Śaṅkaradeva accepted Lord Vishnu as the only deity to be worshipped. His religious theory is known as Ek-sarana Nām Dharma. He said that we should submit ourselves only to the supreme absolute being, not to any other entity (Borkakoti, 2024). Śaṅkaradeva's idea of one ultimate God, or Ekaswarvāda, is found clearly in the conversation and debates held between Śaṅkaradeva and his favourite disciple, Mādhavdev. According to Śaṅkaradeva, Lord Vishnu is the root of all gods. By worshipping Vishnu, all other deities are pleased, just as pouring water at the root of a tree nourishes all its branches, leaves, fruits and followers. Therefore, by merely worshipping the name of Vishnu, one can achieve complete success.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ekaswarvāda
  topic: keywords
subject: Brahman
  topic: keywords
subject: Adaita
  topic: keywords
subject: Ek-sarana Nām Dharma
  topic: keywords
creator: Ratul Dutta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 146
ending page: 150
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.017

Impact of Jawai Dam Water Management on the Water Crisis in Western Rajasthan
type: item
description: Water scarcity remains a critical issue in the dry and semi-arid areas of western Rajasthan. The Jawai Dam, located in Pali district, serves as a vital water source for irrigation, potable use, and ecological requirements of the surrounding regions. This research article aims to examine the degree to which the ongoing water crisis in western Rajasthan is mitigated by the water management strategies of Jawai Dam. Data was gathered from governmental publications and other published research articles employing a descriptive research methodology. The study indicates that Jawai Dam's optimal functionality is hindered by poor management, siltation, and unpredictable rainfall patterns, despite its significant improvements in irrigation capacity and drinking water supply. The study asserts that the region's enduring sustainability and equitable water allocation depend on the modernization of distribution infrastructure, public engagement, and integrated water resource management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: Pali district
  topic: keywords
subject: irrigation
  topic: keywords
subject: water scarcity
  topic: keywords
subject: Jawai Dam
  topic: keywords
subject: western Rajasthan
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashok Bishnoi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 125
ending page: 132
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.014

Cheap Labour, Costly Outcomes: A Review on the Risks Associated with Induction of Informal Healthcare Providers in Private Healthcare Facilities Across Rural and Suburban West Bengal, India
type: item
description: This article critiques the rising reliance on informal healthcare providers in private hospitals across suburban and rural West Bengal, India, and its negative effects on care quality and workforce stability. Despite a surplus of formally trained professionals, many private facilities employ unlicensed practitioners or Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs) to cut costs. Citing studies by Das (2016), Banerjee et al. (2016), and Mehta et al. (2024), the review links this practice to wage suppression, poor working conditions, and reduced employee retention. Informal providers, lacking adequate training, risk medication errors, misdiagnoses, and unsafe treatments, especially in rural and suburban facilities. Their overextension into roles beyond their competence undermines patient safety and operational communication. The trend also displaces qualified workers, fostering dissatisfaction, brain drain, and declining care standards. The review calls for stricter regulation, structured workforce policies, and investment in trained personnel to safeguard ethical, effective healthcare in West Bengal’s private sector.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Informal healthcare providers
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare workplace retention
  topic: keywords
subject: private hospitals
  topic: keywords
subject: wage suppression
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare quality decline
  topic: keywords
creator: Rima Maity
creator: Shaswata Sengupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 139
ending page: 145
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.016

Reassessing the Historiography of Jharkhand (1200–1750 CE) Based on Archaeological Remains
type: item
description: This study presents a reassessment of the historiography of Jharkhand during the period 1200–1750 CE based on archaeological evidence. Traditional historical narratives, largely derived from Persian court chronicles, Mughal records, and colonial sources, have often portrayed the region as a "frontier" and "underdeveloped" area. In contrast, archaeological remains such as forts, temples, copper plate inscriptions, stone inscriptions, coins, and pottery reveal Jharkhand as a politically organized, culturally vibrant, and economically active region. The study analyzes archaeological evidence from significant sites including Navratangarh, Palamu, Ichak, Palkot, Satpahari, and Baidyanath. Coins and inscriptions provide evidence of commercial networks, administrative organization, and cultural integration, while pottery and iron implements reflect the technological advancement of tribal communities. The findings demonstrate that the Nagvanshi, Chero, and other local ruling powers were not merely peripheral entities but represented well-established regional political authorities with significant contributions to the socio-cultural and economic development of the region.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Archaeology
  topic: keywords
subject: Historiography
  topic: keywords
subject: Nagvanshi
  topic: keywords
subject: Chero
  topic: keywords
subject: Copper Plate Inscriptions
  topic: keywords
subject: Coins
  topic: keywords
subject: Pottery
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Integration
  topic: keywords
creator: Digvijay Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 133
ending page: 138
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.015

Developed India @2047: Envisioning a Strong and Prosperous India through Environmental Consciousness
type: item
description: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs is the essence of environmental sustainability, which is also one of the fundamental pillars of a Developed India. A "Strong India" is not merely a slogan; it is a vision that every citizen aspires to realize. However, the irony lies in the fact that the goal of sustainable development is being reconsidered in a world that thrives on a culture of excessive consumption, particularly in developed countries. As India progresses towards becoming a developed nation by 2047, it faces the critical challenge of maintaining a balance between economic development and environmental sustainability. The primary objective of this research paper is to examine the various initiatives undertaken by the Government of India to achieve a balance between economic growth and environmental sustainability, while also highlighting the challenges associated with this process. Abstract in Hindi Language: "भविष्य की पीढ़ियों की आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करने की क्षमता से समझौता किए बिना आज की आवश्यकताओं को पूरा करना" ही पर्यावरण स्थिरता हैं जो विकसित भारत का प्रमुख्य आधार स्तंभ भी है क्योकि "सशक्त भारत" केवल एक नारा नहीं, बल्कि वह स्वप्न है, जिसे हर देशवासी अपनी आंखों में संजोना चाहता है| विडंबना यह है कि विकसित भारत में सतत विकास के लक्ष्य पर एक ऐसे विश्व में पुनर्विचार किया जा रहा है जो अति-उपभोग की संस्कृति पर फल-फूल रहा है, विशेषकर विकसित देशों में। इसलिए आज भारत 2047 तक एक विकसित राष्ट्र बनने की दिशा में आगे बढ़ते हुए, आर्थिक विकास और पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता के बीच संतुलन बनाने की चुनौती का सामना कर रहा है। आर्थिक विकास और पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता के मध्य संतुलन बनाते हुए सरकार क्या-क्या प्रयास कर रही हैं, इसका अध्ययन करना और चुनौतियों पर प्रकाश डालना मेरे इस शोध पत्र का प्रमुख्य उद्देश्य है| Keywords: विकसित भारत@2047, पर्यावरणीय स्थिरता, मानव विकास सूचकांक, पर्यावरण नीति, 'पर्यावरण, वन और जलवायु परिवर्तन मंत्रालय', जैव विविधता संरक्षण
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Developed India@2047
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Sustainability
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Development Index (HDI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Ministry of Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiversity Conservation
  topic: keywords
creator: Neha Niranjan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 116
ending page: 124
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.013

Postcolonial Perspectives in Indian English Literature: An Overview
type: item
description: This paper examines postcolonial perspectives in Indian English literature by analyzing how writers negotiate the enduring cultural, psychological, and political legacies of colonialism. Drawing upon the theories of Edward Said, Homi K. Bhabha, and Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, the study explores key themes such as linguistic appropriation, hybrid identity, historical revisionism, marginality, gender, diaspora, and environmental justice. It argues that Indian English writers transform the colonial language into a medium of cultural assertion while challenging imperial narratives and recovering suppressed histories. Through the works of Raja Rao, Salman Rushdie, Amitav Ghosh, Arundhati Roy, Mulk Raj Anand, Bama, Mahasweta Devi, Jhumpa Lahiri, Kiran Desai, and others, the paper demonstrates how literature becomes a site of resistance, self-representation, and identity formation. It concludes that postcolonial Indian English literature extends beyond anti-colonial discourse to engage with globalization, social inequality, ecological concerns, and evolving notions of nationhood, thereby contributing significantly to contemporary postcolonial scholarship.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Postcolonialism
  topic: keywords
subject: Indian English Literature
  topic: keywords
subject: Hybridity
  topic: keywords
subject: Colonial Discourse
  topic: keywords
creator: D. Kavitha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 109
ending page: 115
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.012

Human Dignity under Totalitarian Control: A Humanistic Reading of Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451
type: item
description: This study investigates the issue of human dignity under totalitarian authority through a critical, comparative humanistic reading of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World and Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451. Both works are set in distinct dystopian nations, but they both explore the how systems of power may slowly turn human beings into compliant, conditioned and socially controllable creatures. The essay deals with the annihilation of autonomy through psychological training, censorship, technological control, consumerism, manufactured consent and the repression of critical thought. In Huxley’s dystopia, societal stability and manufactured happiness are employed to destroy individuality, emotional depth, independence and the yearning for independent thought. Bradbury’s civilization, in contrast, demonstrates how censorship, mass entertainment, technological distraction and intellectual inactivity may build a culture that quickly relinquishes knowledge and contemplation. Drawing on humanistic thought of Erich Fromm, Hannah Arendt, Herbert Marcuse and Michel Foucault, the paper argues that human dignity depends on the preservation of autonomy, critical consciousness, memory, meaningful relationships, creativity and capacity for moral choice. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that the two novels portray resistance as a humanistic awakening. John’s refusal to accept manufactured bliss and Montag’s reawakening of intellectual curiosity show how it is possible to take back human dignity from repressive regimes. The most important point I got from this study is that totalitarian control is most harmful when domination is disguised as happiness, security, comfort, or societal stability. The paper concludes that Brave New World and Fahrenheit 451 are still very relevant as warnings of how human dignity can be undermined not only by obvious political violence but also by technologies, institutions, and cultural practices that gradually erode the human capacity to think, question, re…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Human Dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: Totalitarianism
  topic: keywords
subject: Humanism
  topic: keywords
subject: Autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Censorship
  topic: keywords
subject: Technology
  topic: keywords
subject: Consumerism
  topic: keywords
subject: Brave New World
  topic: keywords
subject: Fahrenheit 451
  topic: keywords
creator: Deepak Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2022-12-31
publication date: 2022-12-31
starting page: 61
ending page: 67
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2022.v02.n02.010

Impact of Environmental Change on the Santhal Community in Dumka District and Government Initiatives
type: item
description: The present research study is based on four selected villages of Dumka district, Jharkhand, namely Phulopani, Muhjoba, Gandak, and Jhiluwa. The study presents an empirical analysis of the multidimensional impacts of climate change on the health of the Santhal community within the specific geographical and cultural context of these villages. Using primary data, the research examines the extent to which rising average temperatures and the increasing uncertainty of monsoon patterns have heightened the health vulnerability of the Santhal community. The study scientifically assesses the contamination of traditional water sources, including wells, ponds, and natural springs, across the selected villages and examines the resulting increase in water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea, typhoid, and cholera. Based on 40 household surveys and 20 in-depth interviews, the research further analyzes how the decline in local biodiversity has placed nearly 30% of the medicinal herbs traditionally used by the Santhal community at risk of becoming scarce. The findings reveal that climate change is adversely affecting not only the physical health of the Santhal people but also their mental well-being and socio-economic conditions. The study also highlights how the depletion of natural resources is challenging the effectiveness and sustainability of the community's indigenous healthcare knowledge and practices. Furthermore, the research finds that the roads constructed under the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) have improved access to healthcare services. However, significant deficiencies in safe drinking water and healthcare infrastructure continue to persist. Finally, the study evaluates the resilience of the Santhal community's traditional adaptation mechanisms and critically examines the effectiveness of government initiatives aimed at health protection. It emphasizes the need for community-based adaptation strategies and the scientific integration of indigenous knowledge into…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Santhal Community
  topic: keywords
subject: Dumka
  topic: keywords
subject: Indigenous Health Knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Vulnerability
  topic: keywords
subject: Medicinal Herbs
  topic: keywords
subject: Community-Based Adaptation
  topic: keywords
subject: Water-Borne Diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: Government Initiatives
  topic: keywords
creator: Abhinay Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 98
ending page: 108
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.011

Socio-Cultural Aspects and Their Impact on Partition Novels with Special Reference to Bapsi Sidhwa
type: item
description: The Partition of India in 1947 remains one of the most powerful and tragic events in South Asian history, shaping not only political boundaries but also deeply affecting the social and cultural fabric of the subcontinent. Partition novels, as a literary response to this event, explore the emotional, psychological, and communal consequences experienced by ordinary people. Among the many writers who have portrayed the trauma of Partition, Bapsi Sidhwa stands out for her sensitive and realistic depiction of human relationships, cultural tensions, and social breakdown during this turbulent period. Her novels, especially Ice-Candy-Man (also published as Cracking India), offer a nuanced understanding of how socio-cultural factors—such as religion, class, gender, ethnicity, and community identity—shape individual experiences and collective memories of Partition. This abstract studies the socio-cultural aspects present in Sidhwa’s work and examines how these elements influence her representation of Partition. Sidhwa highlights the fragile harmony among various communities before Partition, stressing how cultural diversity once formed the basis of everyday life in Lahore. Through the eyes of her young protagonist, Lenny, she shows how communal trust collapses under the weight of political decisions and growing hostility. Gendered violence, displacement, and the breakdown of social structures are presented as central themes, revealing how women, minorities, and marginalized groups suffered the most. Sidhwa also portrays the Parsi community’s unique position as neutral observers, offering an important perspective on how smaller groups navigated the crisis. By analysing these socio-cultural dimensions, this paper emphasizes the importance of Partition novels in preserving historical memory and understanding collective trauma. Sidhwa’s work not only records the human cost of Partition but also encourages readers to reflect on tolerance, coexistence, and the dangers of communal d…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychological
  topic: keywords
subject: communalism
  topic: keywords
subject: breakdown
  topic: keywords
subject: coexistence
  topic: keywords
creator: Prakash Anand
creator: Shankar Purnendu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 405
ending page: 410
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2025.v05.n02.042

Gender and Sex: A Sociological Mapping
type: item
description: This paper, largely based on conceptual and theoretical orientations, addresses two relevant perspectives that is gender and sex through the disciplines of biology and sociology. It is argued that gender and sex are ambiguous as far as both disciplines are concerned. Gender is used in this context as an analytical tool to comprehend social facts pertaining to women and men whereas sex refers to physical differences of the human body. The former is socially constructed and the latter is biologically determined. In this connection, an attempt for this paper is made to focus on how gender and sex are differentiated from each other socially and naturally. It is then gender socialisation and gender role remain imperative for sexes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Sex
  topic: keywords
subject: masculine
  topic: keywords
subject: feminine
  topic: keywords
subject: socialisation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ram Jitendra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 57
ending page: 62
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.006

Healthcare, Citizenship and Social Inclusion - A Sociological Analysis of Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY)
type: item
description: When Ayushman Bharat was launched in 2018, it was described as the world’s largest government-funded health insurance programme. That description is factually accurate. The Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY) component covers over 12 crore households, offers cashless hospitalisation cover of up to ₹5 lakh per family per year, and has — according to the National Health Authority dashboard — already authorised over 6.8 crore hospital admissions and over ₹85,000 crore in claims. This paper tries to look at what all of this has actually meant for social inclusion in India. Drawing on NHA dashboards, PM-JAY annual reports, MoHFW policy documents and a range of sociological research, it attempts to go beyond the numbers to ask: who is genuinely benefiting, and who is still being left out? The findings are, as one might expect, mixed. The scheme has done really good. It has also reproduced some old inequalities in new forms, particularly around urban-rural hospital clustering, biometric authentication failures at kiosks, and the very real difficulty that many rural women face in physically accessing empanelled hospitals even when they hold a valid card. The paper closes with some practical policy suggestions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ayushman Bharat
  topic: keywords
subject: Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
  topic: keywords
subject: Universal Health Coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Insurance
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Inclusion
  topic: keywords
creator: Suraj Singh
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 63
ending page: 70
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.007

Indianness and the quest for identity in V. S. Naipaul's A House for Mr Biswas
type: item
description: The concept of Indianness occupies a central position in V. S. Naipaul's novels. Although he was born in Trinidad, a Caribbean island country, Naipaul inherited a deep Indian cultural legacy from ancestors who migrated as indentured labourers. His father was an unpaid labourer on a sugarcane farm. In A House for Mr Biswas (1961), Naipaul depicts Mohun Biswas, an Indo-Trinidadian character seeking to establish his identity in a colonial, culturally fragmented society. This paper explores Naipaul's representation of Indianness through family traditions, religious practices, cultural memory, and the pursuit of self-awareness. It contends that Indianness in the novel functions not merely as a hereditary attribute but as a dynamic force shaping the protagonist's consciousness and quest for belonging.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Indianness
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Diaspora
  topic: keywords
subject: V. S. Naipaul
  topic: keywords
subject: A House for Mr Biswas
  topic: keywords
subject: Cultural Memory
  topic: keywords
creator: Jitendra Kumar Yadav
creator: K. N. Yadav
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-26
publication date: 2026-06-26
starting page: 95
ending page: 97
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.010

Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries, Capital Deepening and Labor Productivity in India: Evidence from an Endogenous Growth Framework
type: item
description: The knowledge-intensive service industries (KISI’s) have revolutionized the economy by bringing about knowledge, innovations, and human capital as major factors of production in productivity growth and economic development. In India, the service sector accounts for more than fifty percent of Gross Value Added (GVA), with some important sectors being Information and Communication, Financial and Insurance Activities, and Professional, Scientific and Technical Services which are becoming increasingly important in technological innovation and development. Taking into consideration the concept of endogenous growth theory, the current study examines the significance of knowledge-based service sectors for the growth in labour productivity in India, focusing mainly on the dimensions of capital deepening, capital structure, and labour skill levels. The labour productivity is estimated using the ratio of value-added per labour unit employed. The capital stock, capital composition index, and labour quality index can be seen as key independent variables for the present research work. Data has been collected from the database of India KLEMS. Various statistical methods like descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and regression analysis will be applied in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge-Intensive Service Industries
  topic: keywords
subject: Labour Productivity
  topic: keywords
subject: Capital Deepening
  topic: keywords
subject: Composition
  topic: keywords
subject: Endogenous Growth Theory
  topic: keywords
creator: Sulabha Sharma
creator: Rajesh Pal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 71
ending page: 86
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.008

Impact of Organizational Climate on Leadership Effectiveness and Job Satisfaction Among Secondary School Principals
type: item
description: This study looks at how organizational environment affects secondary school admins work satisfaction and effectiveness as leaders. Within schools, organizational environment affects their leadership behavior, cooperation, communication, and trust. A positive school atmosphere helps principals to perform their administrative duties efficiently. In this study, 50 secondary school principals were chosen at random. Questionnaires were sent to them and data was collected. After this, this data was analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and percentage analysis. The findings showed a favorable relationship between ‘organizational climate’, ‘job satisfaction’ and ‘leadership effectiveness’. Where ever, principals working in supportive contexts, a higher level of professional satisfaction and leadership performance improvement was observed. As per this study's findings, improving organizational environment can improve administrators and their school performance positively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Organizational Climate
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary School Principals
  topic: keywords
subject: Government and Private Secondary Schools
  topic: keywords
subject: Leadership Effectiveness
  topic: keywords
subject: job satisfaction
  topic: keywords
creator: Chhaya Gupta
creator: Nitu Maan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 87
ending page: 94
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.009

Urban Family, Sanitation, and Public Health: A Sociological Review of Contemporary India
type: item
description: Rapid urbanization has transformed the social structure, living conditions, and health profiles of families in India. Despite improvements in sanitation infrastructure and public health policies, disparities in access to hygienic living environments continue to affect urban households, particularly among economically and socially marginalized populations. This review paper examines the interrelationship between family structure, sanitation practices, and public health from a sociological perspective. Drawing upon national and international literature, the paper explores how family characteristics, socioeconomic status, gender relations, cultural norms, and urban governance shape sanitation behaviour and health outcomes. It also critically evaluates major government initiatives and identifies existing research gaps. The review concludes that sustainable urban health depends not only on infrastructure development but also on strengthening family-based behavioural change, community participation, and socially inclusive public policies.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Urban Family
  topic: keywords
subject: Sanitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Sociology
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
creator: Onima Sharma
creator: Satyam Dwivedi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2023-06-30
publication date: 2023-06-30
starting page: 62
ending page: 69
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2023.v03.n01.009

Sustainable Development with Special Study of Himachal Pradesh
type: item
description: Sustainable development is a balanced idea of development. It does not reject economic growth, but it insists that growth should not destroy nature, public health, social justice and the rights of future generations. In India, sustainable development has received constitutional and judicial recognition through Article 21, Article 48A and Article 51A(g) of the Constitution of India. The Supreme Court has also treated sustainable development as part of Indian environmental law. Himachal Pradesh is an important state for the study of sustainable development because it is a Himalayan state with rich forests, rivers, biodiversity, tourism potential and hydropower resources. At the same time, it is ecologically fragile and vulnerable to landslides, floods, cloudbursts, forest degradation, unplanned construction and climate change. This article studies the meaning, legal basis and practical importance of sustainable development with special reference to Himachal Pradesh. It argues that Himachal Pradesh needs a mountain-sensitive model of development based on ecological protection, disaster-resilient planning, responsible tourism, strict environmental regulation and local community participation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sustainable development
  topic: keywords
subject: Himachal Pradesh
  topic: keywords
subject: environment
  topic: keywords
subject: climate change
  topic: keywords
subject: tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: hydropower
  topic: keywords
subject: forests
  topic: keywords
subject: constitutional law
  topic: keywords
creator: Karan Singh Guleria
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 443
ending page: 451
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2025.v05.n01.050

Coming-of-Age Narratives in North-East Indian Women’s English Fiction: A Review of Literature on Female Bildungsroman and Gendered Identity
type: item
description: This review of literature examines major scholarly contributions on North-East Indian women’s English writing with particular emphasis on the works of Easterine Kire, Anjum Hasan, Daisy Hasan, Daribha Lyndem, and Malsawmi Jacob. The study explores how selected novels represent women’s experiences through themes of gender, identity, memory, trauma, belonging, and cultural negotiation. Existing scholarship highlights the significance of tribal and matrilineal contexts, collective memory, political conflict, and the relationship between individual and community identities. The review further demonstrates the relevance of feminist theory, postcolonial studies, cultural identity theory, trauma studies, and intersectionality in understanding these narratives. Special attention is given to the female Bildungsroman, which presents coming-of-age as a multidimensional process shaped by social, cultural, historical, and emotional factors. The review identifies important research gaps, including the lack of comparative studies, limited use of interdisciplinary approaches, and insufficient attention to empowerment and policy concerns. It establishes the rationale for a comparative study of six novels and highlights their relevance to issues of gender justice, education, cultural preservation, and social inclusion.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Bildungsroman
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Memory
  topic: keywords
subject: Trauma
  topic: keywords
subject: Empowerment
  topic: keywords
creator: Jagdish Gupta
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 19
ending page: 36
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.003

Forging Unity through Education: Vallabhbhai Patel’s views on the role of education in the unity of India
type: item
description: Education is vital for any society to run democratically and strengthen the nation's foundation. Education helps improve people's lives by enabling them to understand their rights and participate in the political system. Education plays a key role in the all-round development of people and makes society a better place by fostering critical thinking, promoting social cohesion, and empowering individuals to contribute positively to their communities, which in turn supports the democratic values that leaders like Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel championed during the unification of India. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel was one of the architects of modern India and played a central role in the unification of the states within India's boundaries. Patel believed in an education system that instills patriotic values in children. Patel believed in an education system that would instill a sense of national unity among the young generation and promote the nation's integration. Patel wanted an education system accessible to all, regardless of gender. This paper explores Patel’s views on education in post-colonial India’s nation-building and national unity. This paper also scrutinises Patel's critical and under-examined views on the type of education system India should adopt. Still, this paper will explore his views on the role of education in developing a new independent India. This paper will examine his ideas regarding the role of education in promoting India's unity, social justice, and development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Vallabhbhai Patel
  topic: keywords
subject: Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Unity & Integrity
  topic: keywords
subject: Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Justice
  topic: keywords
creator: Vipin Kumar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 12
ending page: 18
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.002

Strategic Autonomy of India’s Foreign Policy: Contemporary Problems and Challenges
type: item
description: India has emerged as one of the fastest growing major economies in the world in the twenty first century. With the continued expansion of its economy base, several estimates suggest that India could become the world’s third largest economy by 2031. However, despite sustained economic growth, the realization of the vision of a developed India by 2047 largely depends on how effectively the country responds to emerging security challenges. These new-age threats not only affect national security but also test India’s strategic autonomy and its ability to make independent decisions in global affairs. In this article, three key issue areas are examined: the Asian nuclear dilemma, climate change and energy security, and the geopolitics of international trade. Each of these emerging security concerns has significant implications for the strategic autonomy of India’s foreign policy. The article argues that an assertive and timely response by Indian foreign policy to these challenges will strengthen India’s strategic autonomy, which is essential for achieving the vision of a developed nation by 2047.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Strategic autonomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Nuclear dilemma
  topic: keywords
subject: Climate Change
  topic: keywords
subject: Energy security
  topic: keywords
subject: Transport corridors
  topic: keywords
creator: Rajnish Saryal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 01
ending page: 11
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.001

Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria among Older Adults in India: An Analysis of Socio-demographic and Household Variables using LASI, Wave-1, 2017-18
type: item
description: Background and objectives: Malaria is a vector-borne disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted by infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Despite control efforts, it remains a major public health concern, especially among older adults. This study examines the prevalence and socio-demographic and household determinants of malaria among older adults in India using LASI Wave-1 (2017–18). Methods: This study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave-1 (2017–18), including 72,270 adults aged 45 years and above. Simple and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the association of socio-demographic and household factors with malaria Results: Malaria prevalence was higher in rural (9.2%) than urban areas (3.7%). Alcohol consumption was associated with higher odds of malaria in urban areas (AOR: 1.13; 95% CI: 0.61–2.06). In rural areas, individuals in the richest wealth quintile had higher odds of malaria (AOR: 1.33). Households with more than five members showed increased malaria risk in both rural (AOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.15–1.39) and urban areas (AOR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.19–1.81). Scheduled Tribe (ST) populations had significantly higher odds of malaria in rural (AOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.45–1.95) and urban areas (AOR: 2.12; 95% CI: 1.37–3.28). Additionally, kutcha housing, unimproved drinking water and sanitation facilities, and the use of unclean cooking fuel were associated with higher odds of malaria in both settings. Interpretation and conclusions: The study has identified the major Socio-demographic and housing factors associated with malaria. Higher malaria risk was observed among Scheduled Tribes, individuals living in kutcha houses, large households, and residents of high-burden states. Improving housing conditions, sanitation, access to clean water, and rural health infrastructure may help reduce malaria risk in this population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: LASI
  topic: keywords
subject: Determinants
  topic: keywords
subject: Socio-demographic
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural and urban
  topic: keywords
subject: malaria
  topic: keywords
subject: Older Adults
  topic: keywords
creator: A K Sukumar
creator: K G Kallihal
creator: M S Kampli
creator: Jyoti S Hallad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 42
ending page: 56
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.005

Transgender Discourse and Human Rights in Hindi Novels Centered on the Transgender Community
type: item
description: Human rights are the inherent and universal rights of every individual, including the rights to life, equality, freedom, dignity, and equal opportunities for development. However, in the context of the transgender community, the actual realization of these rights often remains questionable. Due to social neglect, discrimination, and inequality, their lives are surrounded by numerous challenges. This reality has been sensitively portrayed in many Hindi novels. The characters in novels based on transgender discourse face physical, psychological, and social hardships, yet they continue to struggle for self-respect and identity. These works not only depict their suffering but also highlight their courage, resilience, and aspiration for liberation. Novels written on transgender lives in Hindi literature broaden social awareness and encourage readers to seriously reflect on issues such as human rights, equality, and social justice. Abstract in Hindi Language: मानवाधिकार प्रत्येक व्यक्ति के जन्मजात और सार्वभौमिक अधिकार हैं, जिनमें जीवन, समानता, स्वतंत्रता, सम्मान और विकास के समान अवसर शामिल हैं। किंतु किन्नर समुदाय के संदर्भ में इन अधिकारों की वास्तविक स्थिति अक्सर प्रश्नों के घेरे में दिखाई देती है। सामाजिक उपेक्षा, भेदभाव और असमानता के कारण उनका जीवन अनेक कठिनाइयों से घिरा रहता है। इसी यथार्थ को हिंदी के अनेक उपन्यासों ने संवेदनशीलता के साथ अभिव्यक्त किया है। किन्नर-विमर्श पर आधारित उपन्यासों के पात्र शारीरिक, मानसिक और सामाजिक कष्टों का सामना करते हुए भी आत्मसम्मान और अस्तित्व के लिए संघर्ष करते हैं। ये रचनाएँ केवल उनकी पीड़ा का चित्रण नहीं करतीं, बल्कि उनके साहस, संघर्षशीलता और मुक्ति की आकांक्षा को भी सामने लाती हैं। हिंदी साहित्य में किन्नर जीवन पर लिखे गए उपन्यास सामाजिक चेतना को विस्तृत करते हुए पाठकों को मानवाधिकार, समानता और सामाजिक न्याय जैसे प्रश्नों पर गंभीरता से विचार करने के लिए प्रेरित करते हैं। Keywords: किन्नर, मानवाधिकार, समानता, अस्तित्व, सामाजिक, पीड़ा, सम्मान, अधिकार।
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Transgender
  topic: keywords
subject: Human Rights
  topic: keywords
subject: Equality
  topic: keywords
subject: Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Social
  topic: keywords
subject: Suffering
  topic: keywords
subject: Dignity
  topic: keywords
subject: Rights
  topic: keywords
creator: Aradhana Shaw
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-06-25
publication date: 2026-06-25
starting page: 37
ending page: 41
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2026.v06.n01.004

PRI and SHG Convergence: A Conceptual Analysis of Grassroots Governance and Economic Empowerment in Rural India
type: item
description: The intersection of local self-governance and grassroots economic mobilization forms the cornerstone of sustainable rural development in contemporary India. This paper provides a rigorous conceptual analysis of the institutional convergence between Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and Self-Help Groups (SHGs). While PRIs represent formal political decentralization mandated by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act, SHGs embody informal socio-economic empowerment, primarily driving financial inclusion and gender mainstreaming through initiatives like the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). Historically operating in silos, the symbiotic integration of these two pillars has emerged as a powerful mechanism for transforming rural landscapes. This study examines the theoretical frameworks underpinning this convergence, explores successful structural models across various Indian states (such as Kudumbashree in Kerala and the SHG-PRI convergence initiatives in Odisha), and critically analyzes the systemic barriers—including patriarchal resistance, role ambiguity, and institutional friction—that hinder seamless integration. The paper concludes with actionable policy recommendations to foster a more robust, institutionalized partnership, arguing that the PRI-SHG nexus is indispensable for achieving localized Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Help Groups (SHGs)
  topic: keywords
subject: Democratic Decentralization
  topic: keywords
subject: Women Empowerment
  topic: keywords
subject: Grassroots Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Kudumbashree
  topic: keywords
subject: Village Poverty Reduction Plan (VPRP)
  topic: keywords
creator: Swati Dash
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2024-06-30
publication date: 2024-06-30
starting page: 68
ending page: 73
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2024.v04.n01.011

The Role of Feminised Grassroots Governance in COVID-19 Mitigation: A Study of Odisha’s SHG–PRI Institutional Convergence
type: item
description: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the urgent necessity of decentralised, community-based, and inclusive governance structures capable of responding to unprecedented humanitarian and public health emergencies. In India, Odisha emerged as one of the most significant examples of grassroots pandemic governance through the convergence of women-led Self-Help Groups (SHGs) under Mission Shakti and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). This article critically analyses the role of feminised grassroots governance in COVID-19 mitigation by examining the institutional convergence between SHGs and PRIs in Odisha. The study highlights how women’s collectives contributed significantly to mask production, community kitchens, migrant management, social awareness campaigns, doorstep delivery systems, financial inclusion, and rural welfare administration during the pandemic. The paper argues that Odisha’s experience demonstrates the transformative potential of gender-responsive local governance in strengthening democratic resilience, social trust, and crisis management. The study also discusses the challenges of unpaid care labour, gendered governance burdens, and institutional sustainability. The article concludes that Odisha’s SHG–PRI convergence provides an innovative governance model for future public health emergencies and decentralised development planning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Feminised governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Mission Shakti
  topic: keywords
subject: Odisha
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Panchayati Raj Institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Self-Help Groups
  topic: keywords
subject: women’s leadership
  topic: keywords
subject: grassroots democracy
  topic: keywords
subject: decentralised governance
  topic: keywords
subject: public health resilience
  topic: keywords
creator: Swati Dash
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 362
ending page: 369
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2025.v05.n02.038

School Dropout and Child Labour: A Study of Ragpicking Children in Malisahi, Bhubaneswar
type: item
description: Child labor and school dropout continue to pose significant difficulties to child development and social justice in India, especially for children residing in urban informal settlements. This study investigates the correlation between school dropout rates and child labor among ragpicking children in Malisahi, one of the oldest and most disadvantaged communities in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The research is based on a child rights framework and examines the interplay of poverty, social exclusion, educational deficit, and informal labor in influencing the lives of at-risk children. Despite considerable focus on child labor and educational exclusion in India, there is a paucity of empirical studies about ragpicking children in metropolitan Odisha, especially in populations grappling with severe poverty, migration, informal work, and social stigma. The research utilized a descriptive and exploratory design. Primary data were obtained from 40 child ragpickers via structured interviews, observations, and informal talks. Secondary information was sourced from government records, census publications, UNICEF and ILO reports, academic literature, and policy papers pertaining to child labor, education, and child rights. The analysis included basic statistical methods, including frequency and percentage distributions. The study illustrates that child labor among ragpicking youngsters is not just an economic concern but a reflection of systemic inequality, social isolation, and the infringement of fundamental rights. The study indicates that successful child protection necessitates a comprehensive strategy that integrates economic alleviation, educational assistance, social security, community awareness, family fortification, and child rights education. A transition from rescue-focused interventions to a rights-based and development-oriented paradigm is crucial to guarantee the educational engagement, dignity, and comprehensive development of at-risk urban children.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Child labor
  topic: keywords
subject: school dropout
  topic: keywords
subject: ragpicking children
  topic: keywords
subject: educational deprivation
  topic: keywords
subject: child rights
  topic: keywords
subject: social exclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: urban poverty
  topic: keywords
subject: informal settlements
  topic: keywords
subject: educational marginalization
  topic: keywords
creator: Geetanjali Naik
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 370
ending page: 388
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2025.v05.n02.039

The Pivotal Role of the Probation Officer in the Rehabilitation and Social Reintegration of Children in Conflict with Law in India: The Reformative Mandate
type: item
description: Probation represents a fundamental shift in penal philosophy from a purely punitive model toward one centered on reformation and rehabilitation. This paper examines the multifaceted role of probation, particularly within the Indian Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems, as a non-custodial alternative to imprisonment or institutionalization. The core premise of probation is that it offers offenders especially children in conflict with law, first-time offenders, and those who pose a minimal risk to society an opportunity to correct their behavior and reintegrate into the community as productive citizens. The Probation of Offenders Act (1958) and the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act (2015) are highlighted as key legal instruments that embody this reformative approach. A central theme is the pivotal role of the Probation Officer. The paper details their extensive responsibilities, which extend far beyond mere supervision. Probation Officers are mandated to act as guides, mentors, and facilitators, preparing comprehensive Probation Reports and Social Investigation Reports (SIRs) that inform judicial decisions. These reports assess the offender’s background, circumstances, and potential for change, providing a critical basis for individualized treatment. Their duties include maintaining close contact with offenders and their families, linking them with community services and voluntary organizations, and participating in rehabilitation and pre-release programs. This work is not a "piecemeal" task but a continuous, complex process aimed at fostering self-sufficiency and ensuring the smooth social reintegration of the individual. Probation signifies an important evolution in penal philosophy, shifting from a primarily punitive orientation to one that prioritizes reformation and rehabilitation. This paper explores the diverse functions of probation especially within the Indian Criminal and Juvenile Justice Systems as a non custodial alternative to impris…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Probation
  topic: keywords
subject: Rehabilitation
  topic: keywords
subject: Reformation
  topic: keywords
subject: Juvenile Justice
  topic: keywords
subject: Children in Conflict with Law (CICL)
  topic: keywords
subject: Non-Custodial
  topic: keywords
creator: Govind Beniwal
creator: Kanika Panwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 395
ending page: 404
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2025.v05.n02.041

Women, Kinship and Power: A Comparative Study of Garo Matrilineal and Zeme Naga Patrilineal Systems in Northeast India
type: item
description: The Garo tribe of Northeast India is among the limited communities in South Asia that practices a matrilineal kinship structure in which descent and assets are passed through women. In many respects this arrangement provides women with a comparatively higher social standing and financial stability than that observed in most patriarchal systems. Nonetheless ethnographic as well as modern research highlights a more intricate reality of matrilineal arrangements. The custom does not automatically result in genuine empowerment of Garo women. The Zeme Naga tribes of Northeast India in contrast exist within a patrilineal kinship structure where lineage and property are transferred through the male line of the household. This paper attempts to analyze the status of women in Garo matrilineal and Zeme Naga patrilineal systems by moving beyond inheritance rules to the lived realities of women. The study also discusses the institutions shaping matriliny and patriliny among the two tribes. It further examines the actual rights of women along with the cultural economic and social limitations that restrict those rights within their respective societies namely the Garos and Zeme Nagas.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Garo
  topic: keywords
subject: Zeme Naga
  topic: keywords
subject: Matrilineal
  topic: keywords
subject: Patrilineal
  topic: keywords
subject: Women’s rights
  topic: keywords
creator: Nakaulang Nriame
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 389
ending page: 394
doi: 10.31305/rrjss.2025.v05.n02.040