A Study on the Role of Inclusive Education in Eliminating Educational Inequities Among Students with Special Needs
विशेष आवश्यकता वाले विद्यार्थियों की शैक्षिक असमानताओं को समाप्त करने में समावेशी शिक्षा की भूमिका का अध्ययन
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31305/rrjss.2024.v04.n02.014Keywords:
Inclusive Education, Special Needs, Educational Equity, Universal Design for Learning, Differentiated InstructionAbstract
Inclusive education is critically important in the 21st century for eliminating educational disparities faced by learners with special needs. This research paper explores the multifaceted aspects of inclusive education, emphasizing its role in promoting equity, aligning with Sustainable Development Goal 4, and upholding human rights outlined in the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD, 2006). The study reviews historical transitions from segregation-based models to inclusive models, highlighting key policy documents such as India's RPwD Act (2016) and the U.S. IDEA (2004). It identifies persisting challenges—such as inadequate infrastructure, limited teacher training, social stigma, and rigid curricula—that hinder effective inclusion. The paper advocates evidence-based practices like Universal Design for Learning, differentiated instruction, and low-cost assistive strategies to foster equitable learning environments. The role of teachers, school leadership, and strong policy frameworks is seen as vital in bridging the gap between policy and practice. Addressing these challenges through inclusive pedagogies can empower students with special needs, promoting social cohesion and academic success. This study contributes to the discourse on eliminating educational inequities through systemic reforms and inclusive practices.
Abstract in Hindi Language: समावेशी शिक्षा 21वीं सदी में विशेष आवश्यकताओं वाले शिक्षार्थियों के लिए शैक्षिक असमानताओं को दूर करने में अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण है। यह शोधपत्र समावेशी शिक्षा के बहुआयामी पहलुओं का अन्वेषण करता है, जो समानता को बढ़ावा देने में इसके भूमिका पर प्रकाश डालता है, सतत विकास लक्ष्य 4 के साथ मेल खाता है, और संयुक्त राष्ट्र के दिव्यांगता अधिकारों के संधि (UNCRPD, 2006) में वर्णित मानवाधिकारों को बनाए रखता है। यह अध्ययन पृथक्करण आधारित मॉडल से समावेशी मॉडल की ओर ऐतिहासिक परिवर्तनों की समीक्षा करता है, जिसमें भारत के RPwDअधिनियम (2016) और अमेरिका के IDEA (2004) जैसे प्रमुख नीतिगत दस्तावेजों को उजागर किया गया है। अध्ययन में बनी रहने वाली चुनौतियों जैसे अपर्याप्त बुनियादी ढांचा, सीमित शिक्षक प्रशिक्षण, सामाजिक कलंक, और कठोर पाठ्यक्रम की पहचान की गई है, जो प्रभावी समावेशन में बाधा डालती हैं। यह यूनिवर्सल डिज़ाइन फॉर लर्निंग, भिन्न शिक्षण विधियाँ, और कम लागत वाली सहायक रणनीतियों जैसे प्रमाण-आधारित प्रथाओं की वकालत करता है ताकि समानता पर आधारित सीखने के माहौल बनाए जा सकें। शिक्षकों, स्कूल नेतृत्व, और मजबूत नीतिगत ढांचे की भूमिका को नीति और व्यवहार के बीच की खाई को पाटने के लिए आवश्यक माना गया है। इन चुनौतियों को संबोधित करके और समावेशी शिक्षाशास्त्र का उपयोग करके, शैक्षिक प्रणाली विशेष आवश्यकताओं वाले शिक्षार्थियों को सशक्त बना सकती है, सामाजिक समरसता और शैक्षणिक सफलता को बढ़ावा दे सकती है। यह शोधपत्र प्रणालीगत सुधारों और समावेशी प्रथाओं के माध्यम से शैक्षिक असमानताओं को समाप्त करने के विमर्श में योगदान देता है।
Keywords: समावेशी शिक्षा, विशेष आवश्यकताएँ, शैक्षिक समानता, यूनिवर्सल डिज़ाइन फॉर लर्निंग, भिन्न शिक्षण विधियाँ
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